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Principle and Application of Ultrasound Cell Breaker

The main effects of ultrasound on cells are heat effect, cavitation effect and mechanical effect. Thermal effect is that when ultrasound propagates in the medium, friction hinders the molecular vibration caused by ultrasound and transforms part of the energy into local high heat (42-43 degrees C). Because the critical lethal temperature of normal tissues is 45.7 degrees C, and the sensitivity of cancer tissues is higher than that of normal tissues, the metabolism of cancer cells is hindered at this temperature, and the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein is affected. It kills cancer cells without affecting normal tissues. Cavitation effect is the formation of vacuoles in organisms under ultrasound irradiation. With the vibration of vacuoles and their violent explosion, mechanical shear pressure and turbulence are produced, which causes tumors to bleed, tissue disintegration and necrosis. In addition, the instantaneous high temperature (about 5000 C) and high pressure (up to 500 104Pa) are generated when the cavitation bubble breaks down. OH radicals and. H atoms can be produced by the thermal dissociation of water vapor. The redox reaction caused by. OH radicals and. H atoms can lead to the degradation of polymers, inactivation of enzymes, lipid peroxidation and cell killing. Mechanical effect is the primary effect of ultrasound. The pressure changes are caused by the alternate compression and stretching of medium particles during the propagation of ultrasound, which results in the damage of cell structure. The killing effect is closely related to the frequency and intensity of ultrasound.

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